![]() ![]() “Wherefore Gadolinium? Magnetism of the Rare Earths” (PDF). 165mDy has half-life of 1.257 minutes and 149m2Dy has 28 ns. It also has 11 metastable isomers having atomic mass range from 140 to 165. 159Dy has a half-life of 144.4 days and 138Dy has half-life of 200 ms. The most stable is 154Dy, that has a half-life of around 3 x 10 6 years. Dysprosium has twenty nine radioisotopes having atomic masses 138 to 173. They all are stable except 156Dy, which has a half-life of over 1 x 10 18 years. Isotopes of Dysprosiumĭysprosium is composed of seven isotopes: 156Dy, 158Dy, 160Dy, 161Dy, 162Dy, 163Dy and 164Dy. Ingestion of 500 gram or more has proven to be fatal to human life. However, certain salts of dysprosium that are water soluble are mild toxic, but insoluble salts are non- toxic. Dysprosium is used in MSRs (medium source rare earth lamps) in film industry.ĭysprosium in free or elemental form is non-toxic.Terfenol-D (terbium, iron and dysprosium alloy) is used in speaker called ‘SoundBug’.It is combined with other elements and used as a source of infrared radiations.It is used in nuclear control rods for high thermal neutron cross section.Dysprosium is used to make high strength Nano-fibers.It is also used in phosphorescent materials.Dysprosium salts are used in adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators.Dysprosium- iodide and bromide used in high- intensity metal halides lamps (electric lamp produce light by elect arc).It is used in dosimeter to measure ionizing radiation.In the form of magnet used in electric car motor and wind turbines generators.Dysprosium –cadmium chalcogenides are used for studying chemical reactions.Dysprosium in combination with vanadium makes laser material and commercial lighting.Dysprosium compounds are soluble in water, but dysprosium carbonate tetrahydrate and dysprosium oxalate decahydrate are insoluble in water. It combines with various non- metal to form binary compounds at high temperature and mostly exist in +3 oxidation state and sometime +2 like DyN, DyP and DyH 2 and DyH 3. Dysprosium oxide is also called dysprosia, it is a white powder and is more magnetic in nature as compared to iron oxide. Dysprosium dissolves quickly in dilute sulfuric acid and form yellow color solution and the resulting compound dysprosium (III) sulfate is paramagnetic in nature. It reacts vigorously with all halogens above 200 OC. It is electropositive and react rapidly with hot water and slowly with cold water to form dysprosium hydroxide. It is slowly tarnished in the air and burn to form dysprosium (lll) oxides. Chemical Characteristicsĭysprosium is chemically active metal. Its density at room temperature is about 8.540 g/cm 3. Dysprosium melting point is 1407 OC and boiling point is 2562 OC. Its atomic number is 66 and atomic weight is 162.5. This unusual transformation cause disordered paramagnetic state at 179 K. Dysprosium has ferromagnetic order at 85K, below this temperature it turns into antiferromagnetic state. At low temperature, it has highest magnetic strength. The presence of small amount of impurities can affect physical properties of dysprosium. It is soft in nature and can be machined in controlled heating. Physical Characteristicsĭysprosium is a bright silver lustrous metal. Dysprosium is also obtained as a by-product of yttrium extraction with the help of magnet process which followed ion exchange displacement to obtained dysprosium fluoride or chloride. It is present in many minerals like xenotime (phosphate mineral), fergusonite complex mixture of various oxides), gadolinite (silicate mineral), euxenite (brownish black mineral), polycrase (uranium yttrium oxide complex mixture), blomstrandine (mineral contain many compounds), monazite (reddish brown phosphate) and bastnasite (family of three carbonate –fluoride mineral), sometime it is found in erbium and holmium too. Dysprosium do not exist in free form in nature. ![]() Dysprosium Periodic Table Classificationĭysprosium is not a rare element and is present in the Earth crust is about 5.2 mg/kg and in sea water it is about 0.9 ng/L. Lecoq de Boisbaudran named the element dysprosium, which has been derived from Greek word dysprositos which mean ”hard to get”. He was successful after more than 30 attempts. ![]() He isolated dysprosium by dissolving dysprosium oxides in acid and add ammonia to precipitate its hydroxide. Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran separated dysprosium from holmium in 1886. History and DiscoveryĮrbium ores contained oxides of holmium and thulium. Its characteristics are affected due to the presence of external impurities. It is used to make control rods in nuclear reactors due to its high magnetic susceptibility. ![]()
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